CLAUSES OF RESULT AND CLAUSES OF REASON

A. CLAUSES OF RESULT
Read the following sentence :

People have built a lot of hotels and discos near the beach

so baby turtles head for the lights of the hotels and discos.

and as a result, baby turtles head for the lights of the hotels and discos.

The clauses starting with so and as a result are called clauses of result.

What do clauses of result express? Tick the correct phrase.

a. the way someone does something

b. the result of an action or a situation

B. CLAUSES OF REASON
Now, read these sentences: 

Fishermen kill them because they destroy their fishing nets. 

They lose their habitat because of tourism.

The Mediterranean seal symbolizes the health of the sea, as it can only live in clean, non-polluted waters.

The clauses starting with because, because
of and as are called clauses of reason.

1. What do clauses of reason tell us? a. why something happens or exists
Tick the correct phrase.b. when something happens or exists

2. What do we use after because of?
Tick the correct phrase.

a. a verb

b. a noun

3. Fill in the blanks with so, because, as or because of:

a. The baby turtle couldn't find his way to the sea ___________________ the hotel lights.

b. The baby turtle couldn't find his way to the sea ______________ there were hotel lights.

c. The baby turtle couldn't find his way to the sea, __________________ it died.

DIAN FOSSEY AND HER WORK WITH GORILLAS

Dian Fossey became famous when her photo was on the front cover of the National Geographic magazine in January 1970. She was holding 2 baby gorillas. Dian was born in San Francisco, USA. After her university studies, she went to Africa where she decided to protect the mountain gorillas on the Rwanda - Congo border.

This is an article from an old newspaper from the1970s. Dian Fossey tells a reporter a typical story about her work with gorillas.

"I am looking after this baby gorilla. Poachers* have killed 10 gorillas. There was the whole family group who was defending him. The poachers were only interested in the baby gorilla. They have received money to get young gorillas from the forests and sell them to zoos in Europe and America.

This is how it happens: European and American zoos contact forest rangers in Africa and ask them to find baby gorillas. The park rangers then contact poachers. Poachers then kill adult gorillas to steal their babies.

The poachers have looked after this baby gorilla very badly. They tied its hands and feet with metal wire. The wire has hurt its skin. It has also received very little food and no water.

I have spoken to the park ranger. I don't want this baby gorilla to leave Africa. It must go back to the forest. However, I know, because the zoo has paid the ranger, it will leave Africa and go to a zoo in America or Europe. The only thing I must do now is to make sure the baby gorilla is in good health before it leaves.

If we don't stop this traffic of baby gorillas, there won't be any gorillas left soon."

Dian Fossey continued her work with gorillas for many years and because of her work she has saved this animal species from extinction.

 * Poacher = λαθροκυνηγός

Decide whether the sentences are true (T) or false (F): 

In Dian Fossey's story:

1. The baby gorilla has lost all its family.

2. The poachers have treated it well.

3. The poachers have given it a lot of food.

4. The poachers have given it a lot of water.

5. Dian wants to bring it back in good health.

SOME MORE TASKS

                                         1. How do people disturb animal habitats? What do you think?

           Animals living in the mountains: People disturb their habitats by______________       

in the forest: People disturb their habitats by ______________

in the rainforests: People disturb their habitats by ______________

in the rivers/lakes: People disturb their habitats by ______________

in the sea: People disturb their habitats by ______________

in the ground: People disturb their habitats by ______________ 

        2. Read Mark's story and fill in the blanks with the correct tense.

Hi! My name is Mark and I want to tell you my sad story. Yesterday I _________ (go) for a walkin the forest. I felt very upset when I _________ (see) that some people _________ (cut) down a lot of trees. The forest sounded silent because the birds _________ (fly) away and many small animals _________ (leave).The water in the little river was purple as the people ________ (throw) some toxic waste in it. I _________ (never feel) so disappointed and I _________ (decided) to do something to protect the forest. Do you want to help me?

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE CARETTA CARETTA

This information is about the caretta caretta. Read it and fill in the blanks. Use these words, but be careful! You may have to change the word!

lay, come, run, travel, weigh, live, be

ΤΑYΤOΤΗΤΑ

Επιστημονικό όνομα: Caretta caretta

Κοινό όνομα: Χελώνα Καρέττα, Θαλασσοχελώνα

Βάρος: Περίπου 90 κιλά

Μήκος: Περίπου 1 μέτρο

Χρώμα: Το όστρακό της είναι κόκκινο-καφέ

Βιότοπος: Ζάκυνθος, παραλίες Δ. Πελοποννήσου, Κρήτη, Κεφαλονιά, Ρόδος

Αναπαραγωγή: 115 αυγά κατά μέσο όρο ανά γέννα, με περίοδο επώασης έως 66 ημέρες

Κύριες απειλές: Καταστροφή ή υποβάθμιση των περιοχών ωοτοκίας λόγω ανεξέλεγκτης τουριστικής ανάπτυξης, εμπλοκή σε αλιευτικά εργαλεία, ρύπανση των θαλασσών 

• Oι θαλάσσιες χελώνες ενηλικιώνονται ύστερα από 20-30 χρόνια και ζουν ως και 100 χρόνια.
• Η καρέττα φτάνει τα 80-90 εκατοστά μήκος και ζυγίζει ως και 100 κιλά.
• Η φωλιά έχει 30-50 εκατοστά βάθος. Τα αυγά έχουν μαλακό κέλυφος με σχήμα και μέγεθος μπάλας του πινγκ-πονγκ.
• Κάθε 2 με 3 χρόνια η μητέρα χελώνα γεννάει ως και τέσσερις φορές το ίδιο καλοκαίρι, από 80 ως 110 αβγά τη φορά στη διάρκεια της νύχτας.
• Τα χελωνάκια, σε περίπου δύο μήνες, βγαίνουν από τη φωλιά μετά τη δύση του ήλιου ή τα ξημερώματα.
• Η φωτεινή γραμμή του ορίζοντα και η κλίση της παραλίας τα βοηθούν να τρέξουν προς τη θάλασσα.  

1. A sea turtle ....................... a hundred years
2. It ....................... 90-100 kilos
3. The colour of its shell ....................... red-brown
4. It ....................... to beaches on Zakynthos, Crete, Kefalonia, Rhodes and Peloponnesus
5. It ....................... about 80-115 eggs
6. A baby sea turtle ....................... out of the egg hole in the night or very early in the morning
7. A baby turtle ....................... to the sea

Monachus monachus

Read the information about the seal Monachus monachus, an endangered species and fill in the blanks. Use these words:

fish, 300, grey, Mediterranean, forty-five, one, Greece, three, brown 

Monachus monachus

Monachus monachus lives in the.....................................Sea. Its colour is............................ or............................ It lives............................. years. It is.................................................... metres long and weighs ........................ kilos. It eats octupuses and squid. It has ................... baby (pup). There are only 250 Monachus monachus seals in ............................... today.

CARETTA CARETTA

Read and find out: "Where does caretta caretta lay its eggs?"

......... the loggerhead sea turtle or caretta caretta lives in the Mediterranean Sea and nests in Greece. It is about one metre long and weighs about a hundred kilos. Its shell is red-brown, it has got lungs and breathes air and moves with its front and rear flippers. It lays its eggs on land, on beaches in Zakynthos, Peloponnesus and Crete. Each sea turtle lays about 115 eggs every two or three years, but there are many dangers for the baby turtles. Only one out of a thousand baby sea turtles survives and there are only about 4,000 caretta caretta sea turtles in Greece today..




 Look at the information about the loggerhead sea turtle and match the phrases:

1) caretta caretta lives	a hundred kilos
2) caretta caretta lays	with its front and rear flippers
3) caretta caretta breathes	in the Mediterranean Sea
4) caretta caretta nests	its eggs on land
5) caretta caretta moves	air
6) caretta caretta weighs	in Greece